Isolation and characterization of mesenchymal stem cells from human amnion and decidua / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to isolate a population of multipotent cells from human amnion and decidua, respectively. METHODS: Human placentas (gestational age, 30~42 weeks) were obtained after vaginal or cesarean deliveries. Amnions and deciduas were divided mechanically. The collected cells from the amnion and decidua were cultured. Cultured cells were immunophenotypically characterized. The adipogenic, osteogenic and neurogenic differentiation capacities were tested, and their growth kinetics were analyzed. RESULTS: We successfully isolated MSCs from both the amnion and decidua. The phenotype of MSCs cultured from different fetal and maternal parts of the placenta was comparable. The growth kinetics of MSCs derived from amnions and deciduas were similar. Isolated MSCs were differentiated into various cell lines such as adipogenic, osteogenic, myogenic and neurogenic cells. CONCLUSIONS: The human amnion and decidua could be an excellent source of MSC because they are easily obtainable after delivery and showed a higher expansion capacity than that of MSCs from adult bone marrow.

Effects of External Nasal Dilators on Nasal Respiration and Patency in Patients with Deformity of the Nasal Septum by Mladina ClaSSIFICATION: An Acoustic Rhinometric Study / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The external nasal dilator (END) was designed to improve nasal respiration by expanding the nasal valve area and authors have proven in previous reports that the END improves nasal respiration and patency in patient with DSN. The present study attempts to assess the different effects of the END on nasal respiration and patency in DSN patients with dysfunction of the nasal valve area and in those with dysfunction of some other areas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourty-six male patients (ages 18-49, average age 31.5) without any other nasal or sinus disease and who are not classified as Mladina types 1, 4 or 7 were used as subjects. The type of DSN was determined by Mladina classification. Those with dysfunction of the nasal valve area (Type 2) were classited as Group A and those with dysfunction of some other anatomical area as Group B (Type 3, 5, 6). The subjective sensation of nasal respiration, average minimum cross-sectional area (MCA) and nasal volume (V5: nasal volume from 0-5 cm) of all subjects were assessed and compared before and after the application of an END. RESULTS: Subjective sensation of nasal respiration, MCA and V, improved sign ificantly in both groups after the application of an END, but there were no significant differences between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Although an F,ND significantly improves nasal respiration and patency, this effect does not show any significant differences between patients with dysfunction of the nasal valve area and those with dysfunction of some other anatomical areas. This is because ENDs equally affect all Types of septal deformity.

Aerodynamic and Acoustic Analysis of Respiration and Phonation Methods in Normal Adults / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Many patients who have voice disorders simply use too much effort and strain when they speak or sing and create too much laryngeal muscle tension. Therefore voice therapy have been a viable adjunct to surgery and pharmachological therapy for the management of voice disorder. No definitive data exist about the efficacy of techniques used in voice therapy. Moreover, aerodynamic and acoustic analysis according to respiration and phonation methods has seldom been reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, healthy adults with natural breathing, abdominal breathing, and abdominal breathing with resonant phonation were analysed by aerodynamic and acoustic method. RESULTS: In the order of natural breathing, abdominal breathing, and abdominal breathing with resonant phonation, maximum phonation tended to increase, but without statistical significance. In both sex, the fundamental frequency, mean airflow rate, intensity tended to increase and glottal resistance tended to decrease at abdominal breathing and abdominal breathing with resonant phonation than natural breathing, but without statistical significance, except in easy voice. In female, jitter and shimmer were decreased and NHR was increased at abdominal breathing with resonant phonation and the improvement of acoustic aspects was significant. CONCLUSION: A change of mode of respiration and phonation which inspire more air and control subglottal pressure properly was found to reduce the glottal adduction and increase the vocal efficiency. This respiration and phonation method appear to enhance normal vocal function especially in female who is apt to have more voice disorders than male.

Effects of External Nasal Dilators on Nasal Respiration and Patency in Patients with Deformity of the Nasal Septum: An Acoustic Rhinometric Study / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Some types of deformities of the nasal septum (DNSs) interfere with the nasal valve function. External nasal dilators (ENDs) were developed to improve the nasal airway by mechanically dilating the nasal valve. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of ENDs on nasal respiration and patency in patients with DNS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-four patients with DNS (37 males and 17 females, aged 18 to 46 years) without other sinonasal diseases were included in this study. All subjects were required to assess their own sensation of nasal respiration on a 100 mm visual analog scale. Minimal cross-sectional areas (MCAs) and volumes of 0 to 5 cm from the nostril (V 5s) of both nasal cavities were measured by acoustic rhinometry, respectively. All measurements before application of an END were compared with those 5 minutes after application. RESULTS: The subjective sensation of nasal respiration improved significantly after application of an END in both male and female. The END increased MCA and V5 significantly in both sexes. However, there were no significant correlations between changes in the subjective and objective parameters. CONCLUSION: ENDs offer an effective, nonsurgical therapeutic approach in the management of DNS by improving nasal respiration and by increasing MCA and nasal cavity volume. However, it should be kept in mind that this improvement in nasal patency does not always coincide with the improvement in subjective sensation of nasal respiration.

Effects of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Infection and Mechanical Trauma to the Sinus Mucosa on Polyp Formation in the Rabbit Maxillary Sinuses

The aim of this study is to develop an animal model of polyps that is more suitable for further polyp studies by semiquantitatively analyzing the effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and/or mechanical trauma to the sinus mucosa, based on the epithelial rupture theory, on polyp formation in the rabbit maxillary sinuses. The natural ostia were occluded in 30 Pasturellafree New Zealand white rabbits. All rabbits were divided into three groups according to the following modes of manipulation on the right maxillary sinus: inoculation with P. aeruginosa (group A), brushing of the sinus mucosa (group B), and inoculation with P. aeruginosa accompanied by brushing of the mucosa (group C). The left maxillary sinuses were used as the control. After four weeks, macroscopic polyps and light microscopic polyps and/or polypoid mucosa were semiquantitatively analyzed. The number of macroscopic polyps per sinus was significantly larger in groups A (1.0 polyps) and C (1.3 polyps) than in group B (0.0 polyps). Microscopic examination revealed significantly higher levels of polyps and/or polypoid mucosa in groups A and C than in group B. The results of this study suggest that a rabbit model of polyps using P. aeruginosa is suitable for further polyp studies and that induction of this type of model needs no mechanical trauma to the sinus mucosa.

Effects of External Nasal Dilators on Nasal Respiration and Patency in HealthyKorean Adults: An Acoustic Rhinometric Study / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although physiological effects of external nasal dilators (ENDs) were recently reported on white and black people, there are no available data on Asians. Nasal geometry is affected by many factors such as race, age, or sex. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of ENDs on nasal respiration and patency in healthy Korean adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred healthy Korean adults (50 females and 50 males, aged 20 to 39 years) without nasal complaints, history of sinonasal surgery, nor major structural abnormalities of the nose were recruited. All subjects were required to assess their own sensation of nasal respiration on a 100 mm visual analog scale. Minimal cross-sectional areas (MCAs) and volumes from 0 cm to 5 cm from the nostril (V5s) of both nasal cavities were measured by acoustic rhinometry and added together to obtain the total MCA and V5, respectively. All measurements before application of an END were compared with those 5 minutes after application. RESULTS: The sensation of nasal respiration improved significantly after application of an END in both female and male. The END increased MCA and V5 significantly in both sexes. These acoustic rhinometric changes resulted in 21.1% (male) and 20.5% (female) increment in MCA and 10.0% (male) and 12.5% (female) increment in V5, respectively. However, there were no significant correlations between changes in the subjective and objective parameters. CONCLUSION: ENDs significantly improve the subjective sensation of nasal respiration and increase MCA and nasal cavity volume in healthy Korean adults. However, this improvement in nasal patency does not always coincide with the improvement in the subjective feeling of nasal respiration.